Literature Reviews

The IL-22–oncostatin M axis promotes intestinal inflammation and tumorigenesis Cineus R, Luo Y, Saliutina M, et al. Nature Immunology 2025;26:837–53. doi: 10.1038/s41590-025-02149-z.

Physiological data collected from wearable devices identify and predict inflammatory bowel disease flares – The IBD Forecast Study Hirten RP, Danieletto M, Sanchez-Mayor M, et al. Gastroenterology 2025;168:939–51.e5. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2024.12.024.

Early infliximab levels and clearance predict outcomes after infliximab rescue in acute severe ulcerative colitis: Results from PREDICT-UC Li Wai Suen CFD, Choy MC, Con D, et al. Gastroenterology 2025 July 21. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2025.07.020

Global evolution of inflammatory bowel disease across epidemiologic stages Hracs L, Windsor JW, Gorospe J, et al. Nature 2025;642:458-66. doi: 10.1038/s41586-025-08940-0

Noninvasive, microbiome-based diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease Zheng J, Sun Q, Zhang M, et al. Nature Medicine 2024;30:3555–67. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-024-03280-4

Preclinical protein signatures of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis: A nested case-control study within large population-based cohorts Grännö O, Bergemalm D, Salomon B, et al. Gastroenterology 2025;168:741–53. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2024.11.006

Hypercoagulation after Hospital Discharge in Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis: A Prospective Study Griffiths BH, Desborough MJR, Duijvestein M et al. Clin Gastro Hep 2024.

Multimodal profiling of peripheral blood identifies proliferating circulating effector CD4+ T cells as predictors for response to integrin α4β7-blocking therapy in inflammatory bowel disease Horn V, Cancino CA, Steinheuer LM, et al. Gastroenterology 2025;168:327–43.

Harms with placebo in trials of biological therapies and small molecules as maintenance therapy in inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis Gros B, Blackwell J, Segal J, et al. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024;9:1030–40.

Risankizumab versus ustekinumab for moderate-to-severe Crohn’s disease Peyrin-Biroulet L, Chapman JC, Colombel JF, et al. N Engl J Med 2024;391:213–23.

Vedolizumab to prevent postoperative recurrence of Crohn’s disease (REPREVIO): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial D'Haens G, Taxonera C, Lopez-Sanroman A, et al. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2025;10:26–33; DOI: 10.1016/S2468-1253(24)00317-0

A disease-associated gene desert directs macrophage inflammation through ETS2 Stankey CT, Bourges C, Haag LM et al. Nature 2024;630:447–56.

Iacucci and colleagues explored the application of machine learning in diagnosing histological remission and predicting clinical outcomes in UC patients.

Wijnands and colleagues sought to develop and validate a dynamic prediction model for advanced colorectal neoplasia (aCRN), including high-grade dysplasia and CRC, in IBD patients.

Lindsay and colleagues sought to conduct the ASTIClite trial, to investigate the safety and efficacy of HSCT with a reduced intensity (potentially safer) conditioning regimen and a more traditional (and potentially more achievable) primary endpoint.

Combination therapy with anti-TNF inhibitors (ATI) and immunomodulator (IMM) therapy remains an efficacious treatment strategy for disease control in moderate to severe Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). This conclusion was largely based on the findings of landmark trials, SONIC and UC SUCCESS, which showed combination therapy to be far superior to monotherapy in achieving durable clinical and endoscopic remission in IBD [1, 2]...

The gut microbiota of patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) may have a role in disease aetiology and course [1]. Patients with IBD often have dysbiotic microbiota, with lower microbial diversity and cell counts, with both absolute and relative abundance of commensal microorganisms [2, 3]. Conversely, during remission following anti-inflammatory therapy, the gut microbiota has been observed to shift to a more eubiosis-like composition [3–6]. Furthermore, lower proportions of taxa with pro-inflammatory properties and mucus-degrading bacteria, as well as higher proportions of short-chain

Adalimumab is an effective and safe treatment for Crohn’s Disease (CD). However, both patients and healthcare professionals may wish to mitigate medication exposure due to potential safety and economic concerns in the long term. Since a high relapse rate follows drug discontinuation, treatment de-escalation without actually stopping the medication may allow for decreasing drug exposure while maintaining efficacy. In two observational studies, de-escalation from a 2-week to a 3-week adalimumab dosing interval was successful in most of the patients, though reversal to a 2-week dosing interval...

The SONIC trial yielded seminal findings showing that the combination of infliximab and azathioprine is more effective than either treatment alone for the maintenance of remission in patients with Crohn’s Disease (CD) [1]. In recent years, despite the availability of an increasing number of biologics and small molecules to treat CD, a ceiling of therapeutic efficacy has been reached [2]. Therefore, there has been a resurgence of interest in whether this therapeutic ceiling “effect” can be overcome with new treatment combinations.

Despite an expanding therapeutic arsenal, a considerable proportion of patients with Crohn's Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC) fail to achieve or sustain therapeutic responses [1, 2]. Mechanisms contributing to this failure, particularly with respect to biologic therapy, are only partially understood [3]. Uncovering the mechanisms behind loss of response may help to enhance the efficacy of existing treatment options or to develop alternative options for the future.