Neuro-immune interactions in gut macrophages

Holm Uhlig © Holm Uhlig

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis) are polygenic and multifactorial disorders caused by aberrant responses to the intestinal microbiota. Crohn’s Disease in particular is associated with defective bacterial handling in phagocytes (i.e. monocytes and macrophages), which digest bacteria by the process known as autophagy/xenophagy. Monocyte/macrophage function is modulated by the surrounding microenviroment, in which pathogens, metabolites, chemokines and cytokines are present.

Identification of rare genetic variants contributing to the development of childhood-onset IBD-PSC using parent-offspring trios

Patrick van Rheenen © Patrick van Rheenen

Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC) is a rare and severe disease leading to fibrotic destruction of the bile ducts. The majority of childhood-onset cases are associated with Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Ulcerative Colitis in particular.

TIGIT+CD38+ effector cells: New players in suppressing inflammation in IBD?

Janneke N. Samsom  © Janneke N. Samsom

Background and Hypothesis

In Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), T-cell reactivity against harmless microbial antigens drives chronic inflammation. After induction of remission, patients receive T-cell-suppressing maintenance treatment, which is effective in maintaining remission in some patients but not others. “T-cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain” (TIGIT) is a novel inhibitor of T-cell activation. Preliminary experiments show that human circulating TIGIT-expressing CD38+ effector T cells are concomitantly enriched in the inhibitory molecules IL-10, PD-1 and CTLA-4. Crucially, frequencies of these cells were much reduced in a subgroup of paediatric IBD patients at disease onset and associated with reduced duration of clinical remission during follow-up.

We hypothesise that TIGIT+CD38+ effector T cells are functionally involved in immune regulation of microbial responses in the gastrointestinal tract.

Regulation of intestinal epithelial homeostasis by Cyclin Y

Stefan Koch © Stefan Koch

Aim of Research

Genetic predisposition contributes to the development of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD). Prior GWAS studies have identified numerous IBD risk loci, but most of them have no assigned function to date. The aim of this study is to explore the role of the IBD risk gene CCNY, encoding the Wnt signalling activator Cyclin Y, in intestinal homeostasis and wound repair.

Because Wnt signalling is essential for the maintenance of intestinal epithelial stem cells, we anticipate that CCNY mutations impair intestinal Wnt signalling and thereby reduce epithelial regeneration during colitis.

The regulation and function of epithelial Glutathione Peroxidase 4 in Inflammatory Bowel Disease  

Timon Adolph © Timon Adolph

Aim of Research

Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) controls a specialised regulated form of cell death termed ferroptosis. Research supported by this ECCO Grant aims at investigating the regulation and function of GPX4 in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) from patients with Crohn’s Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC). This project aims to establish a role for ferroptosis and lipid peroxidation in IBD and to clarify the function of GPX4 in Crohn’s Disease.

Using exosomes to gain insights into the early phase of Crohn’s Disease  

Sare Verstockt © Sare Verstockt

Aim of Research

Crohn’s Disease (CD) is characterised by chronic inflammation of the gut. Treatment usually involves drug therapy or surgery with the goal of reducing inflammation and inducing and maintaining steroid-free remission and mucosal healing. A more intensive treatment early in the disease course leads to better outcomes. However, the time between symptoms and diagnosis is often years.

The aims of this project are to identify (a) the triggers present at the onset of CD, allowing (pointers for) new therapies, and (b) molecular markers that can help diagnose CD as early as possible. Given that exosomes provide a rich genetic profile reflecting their cellular origin, we are focussing on exosomal markers.

Innate lymphoid cells in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease  

Aline van Acker © Aline van Acker

The incidence of paediatric IBD (PIBD) is on the rise. However, the underlying aetiology of PIBD remains largely unknown, indicating the dire need for more knowledge on the mechanisms driving this disease. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) constitute an important component of the mucosal immune system. Recent years have seen an increase in ILC knowledge, with numerous publications highlighting the importance of ILCs in murine and adult IBD development and progression.

In this project, we aim to elucidate ILC heterogeneity and function specifically in PIBD. In practice, single-cell suspensions are isolated from blood and colon biopsies of PIBD and non-PIBD patients admitted to the Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Unit at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden or the Department of Clinical Research and Education at Södra Hospital, Stockholm.

Pieter Hindryckx © ECCO

For the 14^th edition of the ECCO Congress we return to the venue of the 2014 Congress: the Bella Center in the city of Copenhagen, Denmark.

The central theme of the 2019 Congress is “Research drives clinical care”, reflecting a well-balanced cocktail comprising the latest advances in basic and clinical research in IBD and their (potential) implications for daily clinical practice.  

Christina Kapizioni  © Christina Kapizioni

Increased risk of acute arterial events in young patients and severely active IBD: A nationwide French cohort study

Kirchgesner J, Beaugerie L, Carrat F, Andersen NN, Jess T, Schwarzinger M; BERENICE study group
Gut. 2018;67:1261–1268.

Dominik Bettenworth © ECCO

Dear Y-ECCO Friends,

A warm welcome to the Y-ECCO Literature Review section, where you will find a summary and discussion of cutting-edge clinical trials as well as basic science studies in the field of IBD. 

If you are a Y-ECCO Member and you are looking for an opportunity to get actively involved in ECCO and gain some visibility, contribute your article to the Y-ECCO Literature Review corner, together with a short self-description and your picture.